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First page of The exact solution of Bellman's lost-in-a-forest problem for the golden gnomon

The exact solution of Bellman's lost-in-a-forest problem for the golden gnomon

Alexander Temerev, Alessio Doria

math.MG Jul 27, 2026 · v1
Lean 4 verifies the two finite algebraic certificate families and the reusable discrete ledger identities and bounds underlying the exact optimum.
We solve Bellman's lost-in-a-forest problem for the golden gnomon $G$, the isosceles triangle with equal sides $1$ and apex angle $108^\circ$: the shortest curve guaranteed to reach the boundary of $G$ from an unknown starting position and heading is a symmetric seven-piece path of segments, circular shoulders, and tangents, of exactly determined length $C=1.282676025459\ldots$. To our knowledge, this is the first proved exact optimum for an isosceles triangle whose base angle is below $45^\circ$. The curve's parameters come from one isolated quartic root, and $C$ is transcendental. Equivalently, $C^{-1}G$ is the smallest homothetic golden-gnomon cover of all unit arcs. The proof introduces a balanced support calibration: one weighted family of escape inequalities, built on the linear relation among the triangle's three normals, exactly saturated by the candidate, through eighteen exact support windows, and confronting every shorter competitor at once. Aggregation along the normal fan compresses the calibration to a finite zero-sum family of supported vectors; summation by parts then bounds its total by path length whenever the running suffix balance, the ledger, stays in the unit disk. A local two-gap surgery and cyclic bitonicity force a shortest hypothetical counterexample into exactly the temporal order the ledger tolerates. Lean 4 verifies the two finite algebraic certificate families and the reusable discrete ledger identities and bounds.

Bellman's lost-in-a-forest problem asks for the shortest curve guaranteed to reach the boundary of a known-shape region from an unknown starting position and heading. No exact solution was previously proved for an isosceles triangle with base angle below 45 degrees.

The authors solve the problem for the golden gnomon G (apex angle 108 degrees), constructing an explicit symmetric seven-piece escape path from an isolated quartic root. A balanced support calibration pairs a weighted family of escape inequalities against every competitor, saturated by the candidate through eighteen exact support windows. Summation by parts bounds the calibrated total by path length while a running ledger stays in the unit disk, and local surgery plus cyclic bitonicity constrain any shortest counterexample. Lean 4 verifies the finite algebraic certificate families and the discrete ledger identities and bounds.

The shortest guaranteed escape curve has exactly determined transcendental length C = 1.282676025459..., the first proved exact optimum for such a triangle. Equivalently, C^{-1}G is the smallest homothetic golden-gnomon cover of all unit arcs.