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First page of Mixed partition functions are exactly the graph parameters of exponentially bounded edge-connection rank

Mixed partition functions are exactly the graph parameters of exponentially bounded edge-connection rank

William Whistler

math.CO Jul 29, 2026 · v3 math.QA math.RT
Cites a Lean 4 development (github.com/WillWhistler/Regts-Sevenster), referenced in the introduction and Section 7.6, accompanying the paper's results.
We prove a conjecture of Regts and Sevenster: a complex-valued graph parameter $f$ with $f(\emptyset)=1$ has exponentially bounded edge-connection rank if and only if it is a mixed partition function. The bound is exact: for a real number $R\ge 1$, the connection ranks satisfy $\operatorname{rk} M_{f,t}\le R^t$ for all $t\ge 0$ if and only if $f$ has a model on a super vector space $\mathbb{C}^{k|2\ell}$ with $k+2\ell\le R$. Consequently the base of exponential growth of the connection ranks is the least number of colours of a model, the two dimensions of a minimal model are determined by $f$, and the parameters with a model on a prescribed $\mathbb{C}^{k|2\ell}$ are characterised. The proof organises fragments modulo the connection kernel into a rigid symmetric tensor category whose morphism spaces have the connection ranks as dimensions; the rank hypothesis and an argument of Schrijver make its additive idempotent completion semisimple, Deligne's theorem provides a fibre functor to super vector spaces, and the resulting super tensor network is identified with the Regts-Sevenster model exactly, circuit signs included. An appendix shows that in a rigid symmetric $\mathbb{C}$-linear category with $\mathrm{End}(\mathbf{1})=\mathbb{C}$, exponentially bounded endomorphism growth makes the trace zeta function of every endomorphism rational, with explicit degree bounds.

Regts and Sevenster conjectured that a complex graph parameter with f(∅)=1 has exponentially bounded edge-connection rank exactly when it is a mixed partition function, meaning an edge-colouring model on a super vector space C^{k|2ℓ}. An earlier announced proof of this converse had been withdrawn.

Fragments modulo the connection kernel are organised into a rigid symmetric tensor category whose morphism spaces have the connection ranks as dimensions. The rank hypothesis and an argument of Schrijver make its additive idempotent completion semisimple. Deligne's theorem then supplies a fibre functor to super vector spaces. The resulting super tensor network is identified exactly with the Regts–Sevenster model, circuit signs included, and the paper's bibliography lists an accompanying Lean 4 development.

The conjecture is proved with an exact bound: rk M_{f,t} ≤ R^t for all t if and only if f has a model on C^{k|2ℓ} with k+2ℓ ≤ R. Consequences include that the growth base equals the minimal number of colours, that the dimensions of a minimal model are determined by f, and a characterisation of parameters with a model on prescribed dimensions. An appendix proves that the trace zeta functions are rational in categories with exponentially bounded endomorphism growth.