Second derivatives of $p$-adic $L$-functions and the Shafarevich–Tate group of rank-two CM elliptic curves
Barinder S. Banwait
math.NT
Sep 8, 2026 · v1
TL;DR
A Lean 4 formalisation is provided of the first equivalence between the second p-adic L-function jet being a unit and vanishing of Sha, assuming stated literature results.
Abstract
For an elliptic curve $E/\mathbb{Q}$ of rank two with complex multiplication, Coates, Liang and Sujatha gave a criterion for the vanishing of $Sha(E/\mathbb{Q})[p^\infty]$ at a good ordinary prime $p$ and applied it to five such curves for $p < 30{,}000$. We prove a cyclotomic criterion of the same kind: outside an explicit set of primes, the normalised second Taylor coefficient of the Mazur-Tate-Teitelbaum $p$-adic $L$-function at the central point is a $p$-adic unit if and only if the cyclotomic $p$-adic regulator is a unit and $Sha(E/\mathbb{Q})[p^\infty] = 0$, and, by the theory of Bannai and Kobayashi, if and only if an explicit combination of three critical Hecke $L$-values of weight $2p - 1$ has valuation exactly two. Following the algorithm of Stein and Wuthrich, we compute the regulator for the same five curves at every good ordinary prime below $30{,}000$: it is a unit at all but three of the $8{,}050$ primes outside the excluded set. The one case that the criterion of Coates, Liang and Sujatha left open, $p = 577$ for $y^2 = x^3 + 34x$, is settled by the new criterion. A Lean 4 formalisation of the first equivalence, assuming stated results from the literature, is provided.
Problem
For rank-two CM elliptic curves over Q, finiteness and vanishing of the p-part of the Shafarevich-Tate group is not decidable by existing methods at all good ordinary primes. Coates, Liang and Sujatha left the case p=577 for y^2=x^3+34x open.
Approach
A cyclotomic criterion is proved comparing the normalised second Taylor coefficient of the Mazur-Tate-Teitelbaum p-adic L-function at the central point with the cyclotomic p-adic regulator and Sha[p^infinity]. Rubin's main conjecture and Schneider's leading-term theorem provide the analytic-arithmetic dictionary. Using the Bannai-Kobayashi theory, the condition is expressed via three critical Hecke L-values of weight 2p-1. A Lean 4 formalisation of the first equivalence is provided, assuming stated results from the literature.
Results
Following the Stein-Wuthrich algorithm, the regulator was computed for five rank-two curves at every good ordinary split prime below 30,000; it is a unit at all but three of the 8,050 primes outside the excluded set. The open case p=577 is settled.
| curve | p | v(B) | from B(p) | kappa(p) |
|---|
| y^2=x^3-56x | 5 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| y^2=x^3-17x | 13 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| y^2=x^3+33x | 17 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| y^2=x^3+34x | 5 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| y^2=x^3+39x | 5 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
The bracket B(p) at selected pairs (E,p): valuation, reduction, and kappa(p) comparison