Spacetime closedness theorem for homogeneous Lorentzian foliations
Robert Monjo
math.DG
Aug 27, 2026 · v1
gr-qc math-ph
TL;DR
Formalizes in Lean 4 the abstract logical structure of the strong and weak spacetime closedness theorems, including a Lipschitz finite-volume estimate.
Abstract
Motivated by the geometric interpretation of spatially homogeneous cosmological models, we formulate a spacetime closedness theorem directly at the Lorentzian level. A classical space-form classification theorem organizes homogeneous and isotropic spatial geometries, but by itself it does not yield a Lorentzian statement about the ambient spacetime. The main technical step is to derive finite slice-volume from genuinely Lorentzian control hypotheses on the foliation. This is achieved in a strong version, for maximally regular globally hyperbolic $(n+1)$–spacetimes with a finite-time Big Bang and homogeneous complete spacelike slices, and in a weaker version in which maximal regularity is replaced by time-integrability of the accumulated expansion rate. In both cases, the argument separates an analytic step, deriving finite slice-volume from the Big Bang and temporal control, from a geometric step, upgrading finite volume to compactness by homogeneity and completeness. The theorem is stated in arbitrary spacetime dimension and is accompanied by a Lean 4 formalization of the strong and weak abstract statements.
Problem
The classical classification of homogeneous and isotropic spatial geometries is a Riemannian statement about slices and does not by itself yield a Lorentzian conclusion about whether a cosmological spacetime is spatially closed.
Approach
The author identifies Lorentzian hypotheses on a foliated, globally hyperbolic (n+1)-spacetime under which a finite-time Big Bang forces finite slice-volume, using either maximal regularity (strong version) or time-integrability of the accumulated expansion rate (weak version). Homogeneity and completeness then upgrade finite volume to compactness. The abstract statements of both versions are formalized in Lean 4: a Lipschitz volume bound, finite volume from the Big Bang hypothesis, and the final compactness implication.
Results
The strong and weak closedness theorems are proved in arbitrary spacetime dimension. A dimension-independent Lean 4 development checks their logical structure at the paper's level of abstraction, but does not formalize the full differential-geometric infrastructure of Lorentzian foliations. The code is available on GitHub and archived on Zenodo.