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On the number of cokernel-closed additive subcategories for uniformly oriented $A_n$ quivers

Volodymyr Mazorchuk, Shuoyang Xu

math.CO Oct 6, 2026 · v2 math.RT
Results of the original version were formalized in Lean 4 by Julian Külshammer using Aristotle, credited as [Ku26].
We study the integer sequence that enumerates cokernel-closed, idempotent split, full, additive subcategories of the category of finite dimensional complex representations of a uniformly oriented $A_n$ quiver. Using a combinatorial model, we describe a non-obvious connection of this sequence to Catalan numbers and derive an implicit recurrence. We also describe some basic properties of the lattice underlying the sequences, in particular, we give an explicit description of the meet irreducible elements of that lattice.

The work enumerates cokernel-closed, idempotent split, full additive subcategories of finite-dimensional complex representations of a uniformly oriented A_n quiver. This integer sequence was identified by Krause and Stoye, and only its first terms were known.

Indecomposable representations correspond to intervals, so a subcategory becomes a subset of a triangular array of points. Cokernel closure translates into a combinatorial closure condition on these subsets. Threshold vectors are introduced and linked to a classical Catalan-number model. This yields a recurrence over threshold vectors, and the underlying lattice of closed subsets is analyzed.

Implication states at level m are counted by the Catalan number C_{m+2}. An implicit recurrence gives terms of the sequence up to n=14. The lattice is atomic and atomistic with n+1 coatoms, and its meet-irreducible elements are described explicitly. The results of the original version were formalized in Lean 4 by a third party.

n\k0123Σ
12417
27209137
3371327916265
426511057842162396
Brute-force values of r(n,k), the number of closed subsets with k elements in the first column (n ≤ 4)