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First page of Tweaking the constant in the Linear Hadwiger Theorem

Tweaking the constant in the Linear Hadwiger Theorem

David R. Wood

math.CO Oct 7, 2026 · v1 cs.DM
The main theorem bounding chromatic number by 19,885,160 times Hadwiger number is formally verified in Lean 4 with Mathlib, extending Norin–Steiner's Lean formalisation; files are ancillary.
Norin and Steiner recently proved the Linear Hadwiger Conjecture. That is, there is an absolute constant $C$ such that every graph $G$ satisfies $χ(G)\leqslant C\,\text{had}(G)$, where $χ(G)$ is the chromatic number and $\text{had}(G)$ is the Hadwiger number of $G$. Their proof gives a non-optimised constant $C$ of order $10^{100}$. This paper uses extensive AI-based optimisation to show that every graph $G$ satisfies $χ(G) \leqslant 19{,}885{,}160\,\text{had}(G)$.

Norin and Steiner proved the Linear Hadwiger Conjecture, χ(G) ≤ C·had(G), but with a non-optimised constant C of order 10^100. The goal is to make the constant explicit and much smaller.

Each part of the Norin–Steiner argument is reworked with explicit constants, with extensive AI-based optimisation. The changes include a refined version of Lin's theorem that yields dense, highly connected small subgraphs, an explicit chromatic-separable reduction, and an additive bootstrap in place of the multiplicative one. The final theorem is formally verified in Lean 4 with Mathlib, building on the existing Lean formalisation of the Norin–Steiner proof and its external inputs.

Every graph G satisfies χ(G) ≤ 19,885,160·had(G). The term (472/3)·126,115.1, the constant for colouring graphs of order t(log t)^{O(1)}, accounts for 99.8% of the constant. The Lean statement matches Theorem 1.3 exactly, and the Lean files are provided as arXiv ancillary files.

YearBoundReference
2021O(t log log t)Delcourt–Postle
2026O(t log log log t)Liu–Luo
2026O(t), constant ~10^100Norin–Steiner
202619,885,160 tthis work
Selected upper bounds on χ(G) when had(G)=t