← All papers

Formalizing the Divergence Theorem and the Cauchy Integral Formula in Lean

Yury Kudryashov

cs.LO Aug 3, 2022 · v1
Formalizes the divergence theorem and uses it to bootstrap complex analysis in Lean's mathlib.
We formalize a version of the divergence theorem for a function on a rectangular box that does not assume regularity of individual partial derivatives, requiring only Frechet differentiability and integrability of the divergence. The main tool is the GP-integral, a Henstock-Kurzweil integral variant introduced by J. Mawhin in 1981, for which the divergence theorem does not require integrability of the divergence. This theorem is then used to prove the Cauchy-Goursat theorem for simple domains and to bootstrap complex analysis in the Lean mathematical library.

The divergence theorem and Cauchy integral formula are central results in analysis that lack formal proofs in Lean under minimal regularity assumptions. Standard formulations require regularity of individual partial derivatives, which is unnecessarily restrictive.

The authors formalize a version of the divergence theorem for functions on rectangular boxes that requires only Frechet differentiability and integrability of the divergence, not regularity of individual partial derivatives. The main tool is the GP-integral (a Henstock-Kurzweil variant introduced by Mawhin in 1981). This theorem is then used to prove the Cauchy-Goursat theorem for simple domains and bootstrap complex analysis in Lean's Mathlib.

The formalization provides the divergence theorem under weak regularity assumptions and derives the Cauchy-Goursat theorem and Cauchy integral formula as consequences, contributing foundational complex analysis infrastructure to the Lean mathematical library.